Isaiah 32

Isaiah chapter 32 overview

I. A righteous king becomes a kingdom of justice and a place for protection (Isaiah 32:1-2)
1. A King/kingdom of righteousness and justice is established (32:1)
2. King/Kingdom Becomes a shelter in a difficult time (32:2)

II. People will come to spiritual awakening (Isaiah 32:2-4)
1. The blind will see, the deaf will hear (32:3)
2. Senses used improperly will be used for understanding (32:4)

III. Unjust society is led by fools and scoundrels people (Isaiah 32:5-8)
1. The fool and the scoundrel were considered noble and important (32:5)
2. The fool and scoundrel speak falsely and plot against the poor (35:6-7)
3. 1. The "noble" people should stand up for honorable causes (32:8)

IV. Judgment upon the complacent women (Isaiah 32:9-14,19)
1. "Women" collective people are complacent and overconfident (32:9)
2. Their cycle harvest will end (32:10).
3. A time of trampling and sackcloth is coming (32:11)
4. Mourning for the land and city (32:12-13)
5. The places shall be forsaken, and everything brought low by hail from above (32:14,19)

VI. The Spirit from on high will establish justice and righteousness (Isaiah 32:15-20)
1. The Spirit from on high is poured out upon people (32:15)
2. Justice and righteousness inhabit the wilderness (32:16)
3. Righteousness will bring peace and confidence forever (32:17)
4. People will dwell in peaceful places in abundance (32:18,20)

As far as a general context, this chapter belongs to the first linear structure of Isaiah 1-39, "trouble at home," and to the unit of 27-35 and dealing with the King of Assyria treating Jerusalem and Jerusalem being tested if they are going to trust the LORD by staying in Jerusalem or seek protection from Egypt.

Sennacherib, the King of Assyria, sieges Jerusalem (Circa 701 BC), which then Jerusalem is delivered by King Hezekiah's intercession. Then, king Hezekiah is the historical type of verses 1-2, where the King reigns in righteousness, shelter, and protection from the storm.

Sennacherib destroyed 46 cities in Judah before the siege of Jerusalem (2 Kings 18, Isaiah 36), perhaps the destruction of the cities is a representation of the "complacent women" as people needed to flee to Jerusalem for protection.

Isaiah uses King Hezekiah's reign as an eschatological type as the whole chapter relates to the end-time because we can see things that never applied to Jerusalem at the time, especially the people leaving their own corrupt land to a journey to the wilderness where they will find righteousness and peace forever (Isaiah 32:17).

An interesting note is that Isaiah 37:15 is one of the few verses where Isaiah speaks in first person, "then the Spirit from on high shall be poured out upon us," an allusion to the virgin daughter of Zion in Isaiah 37:21.

Seven-part Linear structure

I. Isaiah 1-12
II. Isaiah 13-23
III. 24-26
IV. 27-35
V. 36-49
VI. 40-55
VII. 56-66

Trouble at home 1-33
Redemption of Zion 37-39
Good news to Jerusalem 40-52
Jehovah's atonement 53
Gathering of Israel 55-66

Isaiah's seven-part or Bifid Structure

Ruin & Rebirth (Isaiah 1–5; 34–35)
Rebellion & Compliance (Isaiah 6–8; 36–40)
Punishment & Deliverance (Isaiah 9–12; 41–46)
Humiliation & Exaltation (Isaiah 13–23; 47)
Suffering & Salvation (Isaiah 24–27; 48–54)
Disloyalty & Loyalty (Isaiah 28–31; 55–59)
Disinheritance & Inheritance (Isaiah 32–33; 60–66)

Isaiah 32 verse by verse

Tabs: Isaiah Verse= Isaiah Institute Translation Hebrew= Hebrew & Strong's concordance from BibleHub Translations=Preferred Translations Exegesis=Personal Analysis Commentaries=Preferred comentaries Video=Video Analysis
Translations: KJV= King James Version NIV=New International Version BSB=Berean Standart Bible NASB=New American Standart Bible BST=Brenton Septuagint Translation Alter=Ater's Translation

1 A king shall reign in righteousness
and rulers rule with justice.

Behold,
הֵ֥ן (hên)
Interjection
Strong's 2005: Lo! behold!

a king
מֶ֑לֶךְ (me·leḵ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

will reign
יִמְלָךְ־ (yim·lāḵ-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4427: To reign, inceptively, to ascend the throne, to induct into royalty, to take counsel

in righteousness,
לְצֶ֖דֶק (lə·ṣe·ḏeq)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6664: The right, equity, prosperity

and princes
וּלְשָׂרִ֖ים (ū·lə·śā·rîm)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8269: Chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince

will rule
יָשֹֽׂרוּ׃ (yā·śō·rū)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 8323: To be or act as prince, rule

with justice.
לְמִשְׁפָּ֥ט (lə·miš·pāṭ)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4941: A verdict, a sentence, formal decree, divine law, penalty, justice, privilege, style

KJV Behold, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in judgment.

NIV See, a king will reign in righteousness and rulers will rule with justice.

ESV Behold, a king will reign in righteousness, and princes will rule in justice.

BSB Behold, a king will reign in righteousness, and princes will rule with justice.

NASB Behold, a king will reign righteously, And officials will rule justly.

BST For, behold, a righteous king shall reign, and princes shall govern with judgement.

Alter Yes, a king shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall govern in justice.

Chabad Behold for righteousness shall a king reign, and over princes who rule with justice.

Behold a King will reign in righteousness
and princes will rule with justice.

A. King - princes
B. Reign - rule
C. Righteousness - justice

We have the establishment of a king and throne, and he is a righteous king. Princes (plural) is also translated as "rulers," which parallels the king, and "reign" and "rule" imply a government and jurisdiction.

Righteousness and justice parallel to define what type of Kingdom this is. The implementation of the divine law will be safeguarded or protected by a righteous throne.

2 And a man shall become as a shelter
from the wind or refuge from the storm,
like brooks of water in a desert place,
or the shade of a large rock in arid country.

Each
אִ֥ישׁ (’îš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

will be
וְהָיָה־ (wə·hā·yāh-)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

like a shelter
כְּמַֽחֲבֵא־ (kə·ma·ḥă·ḇê-)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4224: A hiding place

from the wind,
ר֖וּחַ (rū·aḥ)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 7307: Wind, breath, exhalation, life, anger, unsubstantiality, a region of the sky, spirit

a refuge
וְסֵ֣תֶר (wə·sê·ṯer)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5643: A covering, hiding place, secrecy

from the storm,
זָ֑רֶם (zā·rem)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2230: A flood of rain, rainstorm, downpour

like streams
כְּפַלְגֵי־ (kə·p̄al·ḡê-)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 6388: A channel, canal

of water
מַ֣יִם (ma·yim)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4325: Water, juice, urine, semen

in a dry land,
בְּצָי֔וֹן (bə·ṣā·yō·wn)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6724: Dryness, parched ground

and the shadow
כְּצֵ֥ל (kə·ṣêl)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 6738: A shadow

of a great
כָּבֵ֖ד (kā·ḇêḏ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 3515: Heavy

rock
סֶֽלַע־ (se·la‘-)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5553: A craggy rock

in an arid
עֲיֵפָֽה׃ (‘ă·yê·p̄āh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 5889: Faint, weary

land.
בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (bə·’e·reṣ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

KJV And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.

NIV Each one will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from the storm, like streams of water in the desert and the shadow of a great rock in a thirsty land.

ESV Each will be like a hiding place from the wind, a shelter from the storm, like streams of water in a dry place, like the shade of a great rock in a weary land.

BSB Each will be like a shelter from the wind, a refuge from the storm, like streams of water in a dry land, like the shadow of a great rock in an arid land.

NASB Each will be like a refuge from the wind And a shelter from the storm, Like streams of water in a dry country, Like the shade of a huge rock in an exhausted land.

BST And a man shall hide his words, and be hidden, as from rushing water, and shall appear in Sion as a rushing river, glorious in a thirsty land.

Alter Each shall be like a refuge from wind and a shelter from the torrent, like freshets of water on parched earth, like the shade of a great rock in an arid land.

Chabad And the man shall be as a hiding-place from the wind and a shelter from the rain, as rivulets of water in an arid land, as the shade of a huge rock in a weary land.

A man shall be like a shelter
from the wind a refuge from the storm
like streams of water in a dry land
and the shadow of a great rock in an arid land

Parallels/metaphors
a. man - water - great rock
b. shelter-refuge = streams-shadows
c. wind-storm = dry land-arid land

From Isaiah 32:1-2
A king shall reign in righteousness
and princes will rule with justice
A man shall be like a shelter

The "king" parallels "the man" (singular), and his righteous throne represents protection in the metaphor of a shelter.

The wind and the storm are metaphors for the King of Assyria as well as God's judgment from Isaiah 31:

The "stream of water" and the "rock for shadow" is a metaphors for a journey through the desert, representing a very hard journey, and at least there is water or shadow that will be impossible to survive.

like streams of water in a dry land

shadow of a great rock in an arid land

3 The eyes of those who see shall not be shut,
and the ears of those who hear shall listen.

Then the eyes
עֵינֵ֣י (‘ê·nê)
Noun - cdc
Strong's 5869: An eye, a fountain

of those who see
רֹאִ֑ים (rō·’îm)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 7200: To see

will no longer
וְלֹ֥א (wə·lō)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

be closed,
תִשְׁעֶ֖ינָה (ṯiš·‘e·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural
Strong's 8159: To gaze at, about, to inspect, consider, compassionate, be nonplussed, bewildered

and the ears
וְאָזְנֵ֥י (wə·’ā·zə·nê)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - fdc
Strong's 241: Broadness, the ear

of those who hear
שֹׁמְעִ֖ים (šō·mə·‘îm)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

will listen.
תִּקְשַֽׁבְנָה׃ (tiq·šaḇ·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural
Strong's 7181: To prick up the ears, hearken

KJV And the eyes of them that see shall not be dim, and the ears of them that hear shall hearken.

NIV Then the eyes of those who see will no longer be closed, and the ears of those who hear will listen.

ESV Then the eyes of those who see will not be closed, and the ears of those who hear will give attention.

BSB Then the eyes of those who see will no longer be closed, and the ears of those who hear will listen.

NASB Then the eyes of those who see will not be blinded, And the ears of those who hear will listen.

BST And they shall no more trust in men, but they shall incline their ears to hear.

Alter And the eyes of those who see shall not be sealed, and the ears of those who hear shall listen,

Chabad And the eyes of them that see shall not be sealed,

Then the eyes of those who see will no longer be closed
and the ears of those who hear will listen.

A. Eyes - Ears
B. See - Hear
C. Open/Closed - Listen

The eyes and ears are physical elements of our senses. The poetry here expresses that although we see our eyes are closed, and although we hear, we can't listen. Then the parallel here of seeing and hear shows a revival of spiritual senses.

4 The minds of the rash shall learn understanding,
and the tongues of the stammerers master eloquence.

The mind
וּלְבַ֥ב (ū·lə·ḇaḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3824: Inner man, mind, will, heart

of the rash
נִמְהָרִ֖ים (nim·hā·rîm)
Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 4116: To be liquid, flow easily, to hurry, promptly

will know
יָבִ֣ין (yā·ḇîn)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 995: To separate mentally, understand

and understand,
לָדָ֑עַת (lā·ḏā·‘aṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3045: To know

and the stammering
עִלְּגִ֔ים (‘il·lə·ḡîm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 5926: Speaking inarticulately

tongue
וּלְשׁ֣וֹן (ū·lə·šō·wn)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 3956: The tongue

will speak
לְדַבֵּ֥ר (lə·ḏab·bêr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue

clearly
צָחֽוֹת׃ (ṣā·ḥō·wṯ)
Adjective - feminine plural
Strong's 6703: Dazzling, sunny, bright, evident

and fluently.
תְּמַהֵ֖ר (tə·ma·hêr)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 4116: To be liquid, flow easily, to hurry, promptly

KJV The heart also of the rash shall understand knowledge, and the tongue of the stammerers shall be ready to speak plainly.

NIV The fearful heart will know and understand, and the stammering tongue will be fluent and clear.

ESV The heart of the hasty will understand and know, and the tongue of the stammerers will hasten to speak distinctly.

BSB The mind of the rash will know and understand, and the stammering tongue will speak clearly and fluently.

NASB The mind of the rash will discern the truth, And the tongue of the stammerers will hurry to speak clearly.

BST And the heart of the weak ones shall attend to hear, and the stammering tongues shall soon learn to speak peace.

Alter And the heart of the hasty shall understand to know, and the ears of them that hear shall attend, and the tongue of the stammerers shall hasten to speak clearly.

Chabad and the heart of the rash shall come to understand, and the tongue of the stammerers speak eloquence.

The mind of the rash will know and understand
The stammering tongue will speak clearly and fluently

a. Mind - tongue
b. rash - stammering
c. know - speak
d. understand - clearly and fluently

From Isaiah 32:3-4

Then the eyes of those who see will no longer be closed,
and the ears of those who hear will listen
The mind of the rash will know and understand
The stammering tongue will speak clearly and fluently

a. eyes-ears-mind-tongue = Physical
b. see-hear-rash-stammering = Senses
c. no longer be closed-will listen-understand-clear and fluently = Function

Rash and stammering add an extra word in "know" and "speak," implying the senses are being used improperly because the rush and stammering tongue parallels with see and hear.

There is a reversal where the mind will slow down and understand, and the tongue will speak clearly, alluding to the blessing of understanding and clearness.

5 The godless shall no longer be regarded as noble
nor rogues considered respectable.

No
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

longer {will}
ע֛וֹד (‘ō·wḏ)
Adverb
Strong's 5750: Iteration, continuance, again, repeatedly, still, more

a fool
לְנָבָ֖ל (lə·nā·ḇāl)
Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5036: Foolish, senseless

be called
יִקָּרֵ֥א (yiq·qā·rê)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7121: To call, proclaim, read

noble,
נָדִ֑יב (nā·ḏîḇ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5081: Voluntary, generous, magnanimous, a grandee

nor
לֹ֥א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

a scoundrel
וּלְכִילַ֕י (ū·lə·ḵî·lay)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3596: Stubborn

said
יֵֽאָמֵ֖ר (yê·’ā·mêr)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 559: To utter, say

to be important.
שֽׁוֹעַ׃ (šō·w·a‘)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7771: A noble, liberal, opulent, a halloo

KJV The foolish person will no longer be called generous, Nor the miser said to be bountiful;

NIV No longer will the fool be called noble nor the scoundrel be highly respected.

ESV The fool will no more be called noble, nor the scoundrel said to be honorable.

BSB No longer will a fool be called noble, nor a scoundrel be respected.

NASB No longer will the fool be called noble, Or the rogue be spoken of as generous.

BST And they shall no more at all tell a fool to rule, and thy servants shall no more at all say, Be silent.

Alter The scurrilous man shall no longer be called noble, nor the villain named high-born.

Chabad A vile person shall no longer be called generous, nor shall a deceitful person be said to be noble.

No longer will a fool be called noble
nor a scoundrel said to be important

a. no longer-nor
b. fool-scoundrel
c. be called-said to be
d. noble-important

The upper class of this current society in this scenario is predicated on incompetent people whom the blinds of society considered respectful.

From Isaiah 32:4-5

a. The mind of the rash will know and understand
b. The stammering tongue will speak clearly and fluently
a. No longer will a fool be called noble
b. nor a scoundrel said to be important

An abab chiasmus tells us that the understanding that comes is to awaken to what we consider important and what we call noble.
In other words, the awaking senses of the people are to wake up to the deception they had, in this case, their social classes.

6 For the godless utter blasphemy;
their heart ponders impiety:
how to practice hypocrisy and preach
perverse things concerning Jehovah,
leaving the hungry soul empty,
depriving the thirsty soul of drink.

For
כִּ֤י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

a fool
נָבָל֙ (nā·ḇāl)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5036: Foolish, senseless

speaks
יְדַבֵּ֔ר (yə·ḏab·bêr)
Verb - Piel - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue

foolishness;
נְבָלָ֣ה (nə·ḇā·lāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5039: Foolishness, wickedness, a crime, punishment

his mind
וְלִבּ֖וֹ (wə·lib·bōw)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

plots
יַעֲשֶׂה־ (ya·‘ă·śeh-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6213: To do, make

iniquity.
אָ֑וֶן (’ā·wen)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 205: Strictly nothingness, trouble, vanity, wickedness, an idol

He practices
לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת (la·‘ă·śō·wṯ)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 6213: To do, make

ungodliness
חֹ֗נֶף (ḥō·nep̄)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2612: Moral filth, wickedness

and speaks
וּלְדַבֵּ֤ר (ū·lə·ḏab·bêr)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue

falsely
תּוֹעָ֔ה (tō·w·‘āh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8442: Mistake, impiety, injury

about
אֶל־ (’el-)
Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

the LORD;
יְהוָה֙ (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3069: YHWH

he leaves the hungry
נֶ֣פֶשׁ (ne·p̄eš)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5315: A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion

empty
לְהָרִיק֙ (lə·hā·rîq)
Preposition-l | Verb - Hifil - Infinitive construct
Strong's 7324: Arm, cast out, draw out, make empty, pour forth out

and deprives the thirsty
צָמֵ֖א (ṣā·mê)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6771: Thirsty

of
יַחְסִֽיר׃ (yaḥ·sîr)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2637: To lack, need, be lacking, decrease

drink.
וּמַשְׁקֶ֥ה (ū·maš·qeh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4945: Causing to drink, a butler, drink, a well-watered region

KJV For the vile person will speak villany, and his heart will work iniquity, to practise hypocrisy, and to utter error against the LORD, to make empty the soul of the hungry, and he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.

NIV For fools speak folly, their hearts are bent on evil: They practice ungodliness and spread error concerning the LORD; the hungry they leave empty and from the thirsty they withhold water.

ESV For the fool speaks folly, and his heart is busy with iniquity, to practice ungodliness, to utter error concerning the LORD, to leave the craving of the hungry unsatisfied, and to deprive the thirsty of drink.

BSB For a fool speaks foolishness; his mind plots iniquity. He practices ungodliness and speaks falsely about the LORD; he leaves the hungry empty and deprives the thirsty of drink.

NASB For a fool speaks nonsense, And his heart inclines toward wickedness: To practice ungodliness and to speak error against the LORD, To keep the hungry person unsatisfied And to withhold drink from the thirsty.

BST For the fool shall speak foolish words, and his heart shall meditate vanities, and to perform lawless deeds and to speak error against the Lord, to scatter hungry souls, and he will cause the thirsty souls to be empty.

Alter For the scurrilous man speaks scurrility, and his heart performs misdeeds, to carry out foul acts and speak wrongly of the LORD, to leave the hungry man’s throat empty and withhold drink from the thirsty.

Chabad For a vile person speaks villainly, and his heart works iniquity, to practice flattery, and to speak lies about the Lord, to empty the soul of the hungry, and the drink of the thirsty he causes to fail.

For a fool speaks foolishness
his mind plots iniquity.
He practices ungodliness and
speaks falsely about the LORD.
He leaves the soul hungry
and deprives the thirsty of drink

I. Chiasmus
a. For a fool speaks foolishness
b. His mind plots iniquity
b. He practices ungodliness
a. Speaks falsely about the LORD

a. Foolishness=Speak falsely about the LORD
b. plots iniquity = practice ungodliness.

The fool is the one respected as noble in society. In his role, he speaks foolishness which parallels with speaking falsely about JEHOVAH, which translates as the deceptive state of the blind and deaf people.

II. Parallel
a. Leave-Deprives
b. Soul hungry-thirsty for drink

A consequence of the blindness of society is a fool in the higher classes, which consequence is the depravation of the soul of food and water.

Teach foolish doctrines, in other words, by default teaching foolish doctrines is speaking falsely against the LORD, it doesn't mean you directly need to speak falsy about the LORD, but if you speak foolish doctrines, then that is what is happening. That is the parallel.

7 And rogues scheme by malevolent means
and insidious devices to ruin the poor,
and with false slogans and accusations
to denounce the needy.

The weapons
כֵּלָ֣יו (kê·lāw)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

of the scoundrel
וְכֵלַ֖י (wə·ḵê·lay)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3596: Stubborn

are destructive;
רָעִ֑ים (rā·‘îm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7451: Bad, evil

he
ה֚וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

hatches
יָעָ֔ץ (yā·‘āṣ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3289: To advise, to deliberate, resolve

plots
זִמּ֣וֹת (zim·mō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 2154: A plan, device, wickedness

to destroy
לְחַבֵּ֤ל (lə·ḥab·bêl)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 2254: To wind tightly, to bind, a pledge, to pervert, destroy, to writhe in pain

the poor
עֲנִיִּים֙ (‘ă·nî·yîm)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 6035: Poor, afflicted, humble, meek

with lies,
בְּאִמְרֵי־ (bə·’im·rê-)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 561: Something said

even when the plea
וּבְדַבֵּ֥ר (ū·ḇə·ḏab·bêr)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 1696: To arrange, to speak, to subdue

of the needy
אֶבְי֖וֹן (’eḇ·yō·wn)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 34: In want, needy, poor

is just.
מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ (miš·pāṭ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4941: A verdict, a sentence, formal decree, divine law, penalty, justice, privilege, style

KJV The instruments also of the churl are evil: he deviseth wicked devices to destroy the poor with lying words, even when the needy speaketh right.

NIV Scoundrels use wicked methods, they make up evil schemes to destroy the poor with lies, even when the plea of the needy is just.

ESV As for the scoundrel—his devices are evil; he plans wicked schemes to ruin the poor with lying words, even when the plea of the needy is right.

BSB The weapons of the scoundrel are destructive; he hatches plots to destroy the poor with lies, even when the plea of the needy is just.

NASB As for a rogue, his weapons are evil; He devises wicked schemes To destroy the poor with slander, Even though the needy one speaks what is right.

BST For the counsel of the wicked will devise iniquity, to destroy the poor with unjust words, and ruin the cause of the poor in judgement.

Alter The villain, his vessels are vile, he devises infamous things, to do harm to the poor with lying speech, when the needy speak in court.

Chabad As for the deceitful person, his instruments are evil; he plans wicked plots, to destroy the poor with false words, and when the needy speaks a plea.

The weapons of the scoundrel are destructive
he hatches plots
to destroy the poor with lies
Even when the plea of the needed is just

A. For a fool speaks foolishness
B. his mind plots iniquity.
C. He practices ungodliness and speaks falsely about the LORD.
D. He leaves the soul hungry and deprives the thirsty of drink
A. The weapons of the scoundrel are destructive
B. he hatches plots
C. to destroy the poor with lies
D. Even when the plea of the needed is just

A. The fool-The scoundrel
B. Plots-Plots
C. Speaks falsely-lies
D. Soul hungry/Thirst-Needy

While the fool parallels the scoundrel, both plot and speak lies, destroying the poor, the scoundrel's devices are intentionally destructive.

8 But the noble are of noble intent,
and stand up for what is virtuous.

But a noble man
וְנָדִ֖יב (wə·nā·ḏîḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 5081: Voluntary, generous, magnanimous, a grandee

makes
יָעָ֑ץ (yā·‘āṣ)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3289: To advise, to deliberate, resolve

honorable plans;
נְדִיב֣וֹת (nə·ḏî·ḇō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 5081: Voluntary, generous, magnanimous, a grandee

he
וְה֖וּא (wə·hū)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

stands up
יָקֽוּם׃ (yā·qūm)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6965: To arise, stand up, stand

for
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

worthy causes.
נְדִיב֥וֹת (nə·ḏî·ḇō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 5081: Voluntary, generous, magnanimous, a grandee

KJV But the liberal deviseth liberal things; and by liberal things shall he stand.

NIV But the noble make noble plans, and by noble deeds they stand.

ESV But he who is noble plans noble things, and on noble things he stands.

BSB But a noble man makes honorable plans; he stands up for worthy causes.

NASB But the noble person devises noble plans; And by noble plans he stands.

BST But the godly have devised wise measures, and this counsel shall stand.

Alter But the nobleman plans noble acts, and on noble acts he stands.

Chabad But the generous person plans generous deeds, and he, because of generous deeds, shall stand.

But the noble man makes honorable plans
He stands up for worthy causes

A. Noble man-He
B. Makes-stands up
C. honorable plans-worthy causes

What the top of society should be like. The top of society in this context is the fool and scoundrel, the opposite of that is the wise and humble. The consequence of having the right people at the top of society is for them to take on worthy causes and make honorable plans.

Contrast
(Fool) his minds polts iniquity
(Scoundrel) plots to destroy the poor
The noble man makes honorable causes

9 Up, and listen to my voice, O complacent women;
you careless daughters, hear my words!

Stand up,
קֹ֖מְנָה (qō·mə·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine plural
Strong's 6965: To arise, stand up, stand

you complacent
שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת (ša·’ă·nan·nō·wṯ)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7600: Secure, haughty

women;
נָשִׁים֙ (nā·šîm)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female

listen to me.
שְׁמַ֣עְנָה (šə·ma‘·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine plural
Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently

Give ear
הַאְזֵ֖נָּה (ha’·zên·nāh)
Verb - Hifil - Imperative - feminine plural
Strong's 238: To broaden out the ear, to listen

to my word,
אִמְרָתִֽי׃ (’im·rā·ṯî)
Noun - feminine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 565: Utterance, speech, word

you overconfident
בֹּֽטח֔וֹת (bō·ṭ·ḥō·wṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine plural
Strong's 982: To trust, be confident, sure

daughters.
בָּנוֹת֙ (bā·nō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 1323: A daughter

KJV Rise up, ye women that are at ease; hear my voice, ye careless daughters; give ear unto my speech.

NIV You women who are so complacent, rise up and listen to me; you daughters who feel secure, hear what I have to say!

ESV Rise up, you women who are at ease, hear my voice; you complacent daughters, give ear to my speech.

BSB Stand up, you complacent women; listen to me. Give ear to my word, you overconfident daughters.

NASB Rise up, you women who are at ease, And hear my voice; Listen to my word, You complacent daughters.

BST Rise up, ye rich women, and hear my voice; ye confident daughters, hearken to my words.

Alter Women at ease, stand up, hear my voice. Complacent young women, to my words give ear.

Chabad Complacent women, rise, harken to my voice, confident daughters, bend your ears to my speech.

Stand up you complacent women
Listen to me
Give ear to my word
You overconfident daughters

A. complacent women - overconfident daughters
B. Listen - Give an ear
C. me-my word

Complacent parallels with overconfidence, self-satisfaction, and even proud in the context of the current society.

From Isaiah 32:8-9

But the noble man makes honorable plans
He stands up for worthy causes
Stand up you complacent women
Listen to me
Give ear to my word
You overconfident daughters

Chiasmus:

A. The noble man
B. makes honorable plans
C. He stands
C. Stands up
B. Complacent (plots of the fool & Scoundrel v 6-7)
A. Women

The woman/daughters (cities or people), need to stand up to honorable plans instead of being complacent with the current society, the plots of the fool and scoundrel.

10 In little more than a year
you shall be in anguish, O carefree ones,
for when the harvest is over,
the produce shall fail to arrive.

In a little more than
יָמִים֙ (yā·mîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 3117: A day

a year
שָׁנָ֔ה (šā·nāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8141: A year

you will tremble,
תִּרְגַּ֖זְנָה (tir·gaz·nāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine plural
Strong's 7264: To be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed

O secure ones.
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת (bō·ṭə·ḥō·wṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine plural
Strong's 982: To trust, be confident, sure

For
כִּ֚י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

the grape harvest
בָצִ֔יר (ḇā·ṣîr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1210: Clipped, the grape crop

will fail
כָּלָ֣ה (kā·lāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3615: To be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, or spent

and the fruit harvest
אֹ֖סֶף (’ō·sep̄)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 625: A collection

will not
בְּלִ֥י (bə·lî)
Adverb
Strong's 1097: Failure, nothing, destruction, without, not yet, because not, as long as

arrive.
יָבֽוֹא׃ (yā·ḇō·w)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

KJV Many days and years shall ye be troubled, ye careless women: for the vintage shall fail, the gathering shall not come.

NIV In little more than a year you who feel secure will tremble; the grape harvest will fail, and the harvest of fruit will not come.

ESV In little more than a year you will shudder, you complacent women; for the grape harvest fails, the fruit harvest will not come.

BSB In a little more than a year you will tremble, O secure ones. For the grape harvest will fail and the fruit harvest will not arrive.

NASB Within a year and a few days You will be troubled, you complacent daughters; For the vintage is ended, And the fruit gathering will not come.

BST Remember for a full year in pain, yet with hope: the vintage has been cut off; it has ceased, it shall by no means come again.

Alter For within but a year, the complacent shall quake, for the vintage is done with, no harvest shall come.

Chabbad Year after year, shall you be troubled, you confident ones, for the vintage has failed; the ingathering shall not come.

In a little more than a year
you will tremble, O secure ones
For the grape harvest will fail
and the fruit harvest will no arrive

From Isaiah 32:9-10

Give ear to my word
You overconfident daughters
In a little more than a year
you will tremble, O secure ones

A. My word = In a little more than a year you will tremble (Judgment)
B. Overconfident daughter- Secure ones

Complacent unaware of danger now is an antithetical parallel of the upcoming destruction upon the overconfident and secure ones. The word of the LORD is judgment in a little more than a year.

Parallel
For the grape harvest will fail
and the fruit harvest will no arrive

A. Grape-Fruit
B. Harvest
C. Fail-No arrive

The anticipated grape harvest will not arrive. The harvest seems to parallel also to what the people were confident or secure about.

11 Be alarmed, you complacent women;
be perturbed, O careless daughters!
Strip yourselves bare;
put sackcloth around your waists.

Shudder,
חִרְדוּ֙ (ḥir·ḏū)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural
Strong's 2729: To shudder with terror, to fear, to hasten

you ladies of leisure;
שַֽׁאֲנַנּ֔וֹת (ša·’ă·nan·nō·wṯ)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7600: Secure, haughty

tremble,
רְגָ֖זָה (rə·ḡā·zāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 7264: To be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed

you daughters of complacency.
בֹּֽטְח֑וֹת (bō·ṭə·ḥō·wṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine plural
Strong's 982: To trust, be confident, sure

Strip
פְּשֹׁ֣טָֽה (pə·šō·ṭāh)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 6584: To strip off, make a dash, raid

yourselves bare
וְעֹ֔רָה (wə·‘ō·rāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 6209: To bare, to demolish

and put
וַחֲג֖וֹרָה (wa·ḥă·ḡō·w·rāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singular | third person feminine singular
Strong's 2296: To gird, gird on, gird oneself

sackcloth around
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

your waists.
חֲלָצָֽיִם׃ (ḥă·lā·ṣā·yim)
Noun - md
Strong's 2504: The loins

KJV Tremble, ye women that are at ease; be troubled, ye careless ones: strip you, and make you bare, and gird sackcloth upon your loins.

NIV Tremble, you complacent women; shudder, you daughters who feel secure! Strip off your fine clothes and wrap yourselves in rags.

ESV Tremble, you women who are at ease, shudder, you complacent ones; strip, and make yourselves bare, and tie sackcloth around your waist.

BSB Shudder, you ladies of leisure; tremble, you daughters of complacency. Strip yourselves bare and put sackcloth around your waists.

NASB Tremble, you women who are at ease; Be troubled, you complacent daughters; Strip, undress, and put sackcloth on your waist,

BST Be amazed, be pained, ye confident ones: strip you, bare yourselves, gird your loins;

Alter remble, you women at ease, quake, complacent ones. Strip yourselves bare, put a cloth round your loins,

Chabad Tremble, complacent ones, to be troubled, confident ones, to undress and to bare, and to gird on the loins.

Shudder ladies of leisure
tremble you, daughters of complacency,
Strip yourself bare
and put sackcloth around your waist

Parallel A.
A. Shudder-Tremble
B. Ladies-daughters
C. Leisure-Complacency

The comfort that society enjoyed comes to an end because of the unjust society, the "daughter of the people" was complacent.

Parallel B. Antytetical
A. Strip-Put
B. Bare-Sackloth around your waste

The comfort state of leisure and overconfidence is replaced with repentance and mourning.

From Isaiah 32:10-11 ABBA

A. you will tremble, O secure ones
B. For the grape harvest will fail
B. and the fruit harvest will no arrive
A. Shudder ladies of leisure

Security will come to an end in the end, the expected cycles will be disrupted, and the fruit produced won't arrive.

12 Beat your breasts for the choice fields
and flourishing vines,

Beat
סֹֽפְדִ֑ים (sō·p̄ə·ḏîm)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 5594: To tear the hair and beat the breasts, to lament, to wail

your breasts
שָׁדַ֖יִם (šā·ḏa·yim)
Noun - md
Strong's 7699: The breast of a, woman, animal

for
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the pleasant
חֶ֕מֶד (ḥe·meḏ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2531: Desire, delight

fields,
שְׂדֵי־ (śə·ḏê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7704: Field, land

for the fruitful
פֹּרִיָּֽה׃ (pō·rî·yāh)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular
Strong's 6509: To bear fruit, be fruitful

vines,
גֶּ֖פֶן (ge·p̄en)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 1612: A vine, the grape

KJV They shall lament for the teats, for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine.

NIV Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines

ESV Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine,

BSB Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vines,

NASB Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine,

BST and beat your breasts, because of the pleasant field, and the fruit of the vine.

Alter Beating on breasts over lovely fields, over fruitful vines.

Chabad They shall beat] on the breasts, lamenting, for the desirable fields, for the fruitful vines.

Beat your breast for the pleasant fields,
for the fruitful vine

Parallel
A. Pleasant fields-Fruitful vine

Destruction of the land and the vineyard.

13 for my people’s land
shall be overgrown with briars and thorns.
Mourn for all the amusement houses
in the city of entertainment,

and for
עַ֚ל (‘al)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the land
אַדְמַ֣ת (’aḏ·maṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 127: Ground, land

of my people,
עַמִּ֔י (‘am·mî)
Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

overgrown
תַּֽעֲלֶ֑ה (ta·‘ă·leh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 5927: To ascend, in, actively

with thorns
ק֥וֹץ (qō·wṣ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6975: A thorn, thornbush

and briers—
שָׁמִ֖יר (šā·mîr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8068: A thorn, a gem, the diamond

even
כִּ֚י (kî)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

for
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

every
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

house
בָּתֵּ֣י (bāt·tê)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1004: A house

of merriment
מָשׂ֔וֹשׂ (mā·śō·wś)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4885: Exultation, rejoicing

in this city
קִרְיָ֖ה (qir·yāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 7151: A town, city

of revelry.
עַלִּיזָֽה׃ (‘al·lî·zāh)
Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 5947: Exultant, jubilant

KJV Upon the land of my people shall come up thorns and briers; yea, upon all the houses of joy in the joyous city:

NIV and for the land of my people, a land overgrown with thorns and briers— yes, mourn for all houses of merriment and for this city of revelry.

ESV for the soil of my people growing up in thorns and briers, yes, for all the joyous houses in the exultant city.

BSB and for the land of my people, overgrown with thorns and briers—even for every house of merriment in this city of revelry.

NASB For the land of my people in which thorns and briars will come up; Indeed, for all the joyful houses and for the jubilant city.

BST As for the land of my people, the thorn and grass shall come upon it, and joy shall be removed from every house.

Alter On My people’s soil thorn and thistle shall spring up, for on all the houses of revelry, the merrymaking town,

Chabbad On my people's soil thorns and briers shall come up, for on all the houses of joy, the joyful city.

And for the land of my people
overgrown with thorns and briers
Even for every house of merriment
In this city of revelry

Parallel

A. Every-House
B. Merriment-revelry

The ladies of leisure parallel the city being of revelry and merriment. City and every house is hyperbole to express the situation of the people of the LORD.

From Isaiah 32:12-13 Antitetical

A. Beat your breasts for the choice fields
B. and flourishing vines
A. And for the land of my people
B. overgrown with thorns and briers

The choice land of his people that was a flourishing vine will turn into thorns and briers.

14 for the palaces shall lie abandoned,
the clamorous towns deserted.
High rises and panoramic resorts
shall become haunts for ever after,
the playground of wild animals,
a browsing place for flocks.

For
כִּֽי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

the palace
אַרְמ֣וֹן (’ar·mō·wn)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 759: A citadel

will be forsaken,
נֻטָּ֔שׁ (nuṭ·ṭāš)
Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5203: To pound, smite, to disperse, to thrust off, down, out, upon

the busy
הֲמ֥וֹן (hă·mō·wn)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 1995: A noise, tumult, crowd, disquietude, wealth

city
עִ֖יר (‘îr)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

abandoned.
עֻזָּ֑ב (‘uz·zāḇ)
Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5800: To loosen, relinquish, permit

The hill
עֹ֣פֶל (‘ō·p̄el)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6076: A tumor, a mound, fortress

and the watchtower
וָבַ֜חַן (wā·ḇa·ḥan)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 975: A watch-tower

will become
הָיָ֨ה (hā·yāh)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

caves
מְעָרוֹת֙ (mə·‘ā·rō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4631: A cavern

forever—
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

the delight
מְשׂ֥וֹשׂ (mə·śō·wś)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4885: Exultation, rejoicing

of wild donkeys
פְּרָאִ֖ים (pə·rā·’îm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 6501: A wild donkey

and a pasture
מִרְעֵ֥ה (mir·‘êh)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4829: Pasture, the haunt of wild animals

for flocks—
עֲדָרִֽים׃ (‘ă·ḏā·rîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5739: An arrangement, muster

KJV Because the palaces shall be forsaken; the multitude of the city shall be left; the forts and towers shall be for dens for ever, a joy of wild asses, a pasture of flocks;

NIV The fortress will be abandoned, the noisy city deserted; citadel and watchtower will become a wasteland forever, the delight of donkeys, a pasture for flocks,

ESV For the palace is forsaken, the populous city deserted; the hill and the watchtower will become dens forever, a joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks;

BSB For the palace will be forsaken, the busy city abandoned. The hill and the watchtower will become caves forever—the delight of wild donkeys and a pasture for flocks—

NASB For the palace has been neglected, the populated city abandoned. Hill and watch-tower have become caves forever, A delight for wild donkeys, a pasture for flocks,

BST For the palace will be forsaken, the busy city abandoned. The hill and the watchtower will become caves forever—the delight of wild donkeys and a pasture for flocks—

Alter the villa is abandoned, the town’s hubbub left behind. The citadel and the tower become bare places for all time, wild asses’ revelry, pasture for the flocks.

Chabbad For the palace has been forsaken, the multitude of the city has been abandoned, rampart and tower are amidst ruins forever, a joy for wild donkeys, a pasture for flocks.

For the palace will be forsaken,
the busy city abandoned
The hill and the watchtower
will become caves forever
The delight of wild donkeys
and pasture for flocks.

Parallel 1.
A. The Palace-Busy City
B. Forsaken-abandoned

The palace represents a fortress and parallels the busy city, a place used for gathering and protection that will be forsaken.

Parallel 2. Antithetical
A. Hill/Watchtower-Caves

Hill and the watchtower parallel as elevated places, and they become the opposite which is a cave or dents.

Parallel 3.
A. The delight-Pasture
B. Wold donkeys-Flocks

Because the city is abandoned, then its pasture grows, which is a delight for the flock. Abandoned also parallels with thorns and briers.

19 For by a hail shall forests be felled,
cities utterly leveled.

But hail
וּבָרַ֖ד (ū·ḇā·raḏ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1258: To hail

will level
בְּרֶ֣דֶת (bə·re·ḏeṯ)
Preposition-b | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3381: To come or go down, descend

the forest,
הַיָּ֑עַר (hay·yā·‘ar)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3293: A copse of bushes, a forest, honey in the comb

and the city
הָעִֽיר׃ (hā·‘îr)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

will sink
תִּשְׁפַּ֥ל (tiš·pal)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 8213: To be or become low, to be abased

to the depths.
וּבַשִּׁפְלָ֖ה (ū·ḇaš·šip̄·lāh)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8218: Humiliation

KJV When it shall hail, coming down on the forest; and the city shall be low in a low place.

NIV Though hail flattens the forest and the city is leveled completely,

ESV And it will hail when the forest falls down, and the city will be utterly laid low.

BSB But hail will level the forest, and the city will sink to the depths.

NASB And it will hail when the forest comes down, And the city will be utterly laid low.

BST And if the hail should come down, it shall not come upon you; and they that dwell in the forests shall be in confidence, as those in the plain country.

Alter And it shall come down as the forest comes down, and in the lowland the town shall come low.

Chabad And He shall hail down the hailing of the forest, and into the low state shall the city be humbled.

But hail will level the forest
and the city sinks to the depths

Parallel
A. Level-Sink to the depths
B. Forest-City

From verse 14 imagery, the hill and watchtower parallel here with the tress of the forest, they are going to be level, brought low. Hail levels the forest and may be an allusion to a cave or dents for the city.

From Isaiah 32:15,19 Chiasmus

A. The busy city abandoned
B. The hill and the watchtower will become caves forever
C. The delight of wild donkeys and pasture for flocks.
B. But hail will level the forest
A. and the city sinks to the depths

A. The Busy City Abandoned is brought low (Sinks)
B. The watchtower trees of the forest are leveled
C. It will be a delight for the wild flock

But hail will level the forest (Isaiah 32:19)

15 Then shall a Spirit from on high
be poured out on us;
the desert shall become productive land
and lands now productive
be reckoned as brushwood.

until
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

the Spirit
ר֖וּחַ (rū·aḥ)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 7307: Wind, breath, exhalation, life, anger, unsubstantiality, a region of the sky, spirit

is poured out
יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה (yê·‘ā·reh)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6168: To be, bare, to empty, pour out, demolish

upon us
עָלֵ֛ינוּ (‘ā·lê·nū)
Preposition | first person common plural
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

from on high.
מִמָּר֑וֹם (mim·mā·rō·wm)
Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4791: Altitude

Then the desert
מִדְבָּר֙ (miḏ·bār)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4057: A pasture, a desert, speech

will be
וְהָיָ֤ה (wə·hā·yāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

an orchard,
לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל (lak·kar·mel)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3759: A plantation, garden land, fruit, garden growth

and the orchard
וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל (wə·hak·kar·mel)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3759: A plantation, garden land, fruit, garden growth

will seem
יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃ (yê·ḥā·šêḇ)
Verb - Nifal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2803: To think, account

like a forest.
לַיַּ֥עַר (lay·ya·‘ar)
Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3293: A copse of bushes, a forest, honey in the comb

KJV Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness be a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest.

NIV till the Spirit is poured on us from on high, and the desert becomes a fertile field, and the fertile field seems like a forest.

ESV until the Spirit is poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness becomes a fruitful field, and the fruitful field is deemed a forest.

BSB until the Spirit is poured out upon us from on high. Then the desert will be an orchard, and the orchard will seem like a forest.

NASB Until the Spirit is poured out upon us from on high, And the wilderness becomes a fertile field, And the fertile field is considered as a forest.

BST until the Spirit shall come upon you from on high, and Chermel shall be desert, and Chermel shall be counted for a forest.

Alter Till a spirit is poured on us from above, and the desert turns to farmland and farmland is reckoned as forest

Chabad Until a spirit be poured us from on high, and the desert shall become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be regarded as a forest.

Until the Spirit is poured out upon us from on high
Then the dessert will be an orchard
and the orchard will seem like a forest.

Parallel
A. Dessert-Forest = Orchard

From Isaiah 32:19,15 Antithetical ABCBA

A. But hail will level the forest
B. and the city sinks to the depths
C. Until the Spirit is poured out upon us from on high
B. Then the dessert will be an orchard
A. and the orchard will seem like a forest.

A. Forest is leveled - Forest flourish
B. City sinks - Wilderness becomes an orchard
C. Hail from Heaven - The Spirit of the LORD from on high.

One hail from on high destroyed the city and leveled the forest, and the Spirit from on high flourished the dessert and recreate the forest.

Then the dessert will be an orchard

16 So shall justice inhabit the desert,
and righteousness abide in the farmland.

Then justice
מִשְׁפָּ֑ט (miš·pāṭ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4941: A verdict, a sentence, formal decree, divine law, penalty, justice, privilege, style

will inhabit
וְשָׁכַ֥ן (wə·šā·ḵan)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7931: To settle down, abide, dwell

the wilderness,
בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר (bam·miḏ·bār)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4057: A pasture, a desert, speech

and righteousness
וּצְדָקָ֖ה (ū·ṣə·ḏā·qāh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6666: Rightness, subjectively, objectively

will dwell
תֵּשֵֽׁב׃ (tê·šêḇ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

in the fertile field.
בַּכַּרְמֶ֥ל (bak·kar·mel)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3759: A plantation, garden land, fruit, garden growth

KJV Then judgment shall dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness remain in the fruitful field.

NIV The LORD’s justice will dwell in the desert, his righteousness live in the fertile field.

ESV Then justice will dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness abide in the fruitful field.

BSB Then justice will inhabit the wilderness, and righteousness will dwell in the fertile field.

NASB Then justice will dwell in the wilderness, And righteousness will remain in the fertile field.

BST Then judgement shall abide in the wilderness, and righteousness shall dwell in Carmel.

Alter And justice abides in the desert, and righteousness dwells in the farmland.

Chabad And justice shall dwell in the desert, and righteousness shall reside in the fruitful field.

Then justice will inhabit the wilderness
and righteousness will dwell in the fertile field

A. Justices - Righteousness
B. Inhabit - Dwell
C. Wilderness - Fertile field

Going back to verses 1-2, righteousness and Justice (v1), and desert place (v2), becomes the place for the recreation of the "noble" structure of the LORD's city.

From Isaiah 32:15-16 Chiasmus ABAB

A. Then the dessert will be an orchard
B. and the orchard will seem like a forest.
A. Then justice will inhabit the wilderness
B. and righteousness will dwell in the fertile field

A. Dessert-Wilderness = Justice protects the orchard
B. Orchard/Forest-Fertile = Righteousness produce fruit

17 And the effect of justice shall be peace,
and the result of righteousness
an assured calm forever.

The work
מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה (ma·‘ă·śêh)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 4639: An action, a transaction, activity, a product, property

of righteousness
הַצְּדָקָ֖ה (haṣ·ṣə·ḏā·qāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6666: Rightness, subjectively, objectively

will be
וְהָיָ֛ה (wə·hā·yāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

peace;
שָׁל֑וֹם (šā·lō·wm)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7965: Safe, well, happy, friendly, welfare, health, prosperity, peace

the service
וַֽעֲבֹדַת֙ (wa·‘ă·ḇō·ḏaṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 5656: Work of any kind

of righteousness
הַצְּדָקָ֔ה (haṣ·ṣə·ḏā·qāh)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6666: Rightness, subjectively, objectively

will be quiet
הַשְׁקֵ֥ט (haš·qêṭ)
Verb - Hifil - Infinitive absolute
Strong's 8252: To be quiet or undisturbed

confidence
וָבֶ֖טַח (wā·ḇe·ṭaḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 983: A place of refuge, safety, safely

forever.
עַד־ (‘aḏ-)
Preposition
Strong's 5704: As far as, even to, up to, until, while

KJV And the work of righteousness shall be peace; and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance for ever.

NIV The fruit of that righteousness will be peace; its effect will be quietness and confidence forever.

ESV And the effect of righteousness will be peace, and the result of righteousness, quietness and trust forever.

BSB The work of righteousness will be peace; the service of righteousness will be quiet confidence forever.

NASB And the work of righteousness will be peace, And the service of righteousness, quietness and confidence forever.

BST And the works of righteousness shall be peace; and righteousness shall ensure rest, and the righteous shall be confident for ever.

Alter And the doing of righteousness shall be peace, and the work of righteousness, safe and quiet forever.

Chabad And the deed of righteousness shall be peace, and the act of righteousness [shall be] tranquility and safety until eternity.

Isaiah 32:17 Transliteration
The work of righteousness will be peace;
the service of righteousness will be quiet confidence forever

Parallel
A. Work-Service
B. Righteousness
C. Peace-quite confidence

The work and act/service parallel as the transactional action, righteousness is the connector that ensures peace and quiet, confidence, security, or safety which is the result.

"Forever" in v17 contrast v17 where the cities become a dent forever.

From Isaiah 32:16-17

and righteousness will dwell in the fertile field
The work of righteousness will be peace;
the service of righteousness will be quiet confidence forever

Parallel Repetition
A. Righteousness 3x = Fertile field, peace, confidence forever.?

It seems progressive from a fertile field, to work the ground and produce peace which then produces everlasting confidence.

18 My people shall dwell in peaceful settlements,
in safe neighborhoods, in comfortable dwellings.

Then my people
עַמִּ֖י (‘am·mî)
Noun - masculine singular construct | first person common singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

will dwell
וְיָשַׁ֥ב (wə·yā·šaḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

in a peaceful
שָׁל֑וֹם (šā·lō·wm)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7965: Safe, well, happy, friendly, welfare, health, prosperity, peace

place,
בִּנְוֵ֣ה (bin·wêh)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 5116: Abode of shepherd or flocks, habitation

in safe
מִבְטַחִ֔ים (miḇ·ṭa·ḥîm)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4009: A refuge, security, assurance

and secure
שַׁאֲנַנּֽוֹת׃ (ša·’ă·nan·nō·wṯ)
Adjective - masculine plural
Strong's 7600: Secure, haughty

places of rest.
וּבִמְנוּחֹ֖ת (ū·ḇim·nū·ḥōṯ)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct
Strong's 4496: Repose, peacefully, consolation, an abode

KJV And my people shall dwell in a peaceable habitation, and in sure dwellings, and in quiet resting places;

NIV My people will live in peaceful dwelling places, in secure homes, in undisturbed places of rest.

ESV My people will abide in a peaceful habitation, in secure dwellings, and in quiet resting places.

BSB Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place, in safe and secure places of rest.

NASB Then my people will live in a peaceful settlement, In secure dwellings, and in undisturbed resting places;

BST And his people shall inhabit a city of peace, and dwell in it in confidence, and they shall rest with wealth.

Alter And My people shall dwell in abodes of peace, in safe dwellings and tranquil places of rest.

Chabad And My people shall dwell in a dwelling of peace, and in secure dwellings and in tranquil resting-places.

From Isaiah 32:18 Hebrew transliteration

Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place
In safe and secure places of rest

Parallel
A. Peaceful place - Places of rest

The peaceful place are places of resting.

From Isaiah 32:17-18

A. The work of righteousness will be peace;
B. the service of righteousness will be quiet confidence forever
A. Then my people will dwell in a peaceful place
B. In safe and secure places of rest

Chiasmus ABAB

A. Peace-Peaceful = because of righteousness, it becomes a dwelling place of peace.
B. Confidence forever-A place of rest = The parallel can indicate a higher blessing such as "assurance" or "surely" confidence (Calling and election make sure), and rest such as entering into the rest of the LORD.

20 Blessed are you, who shall then sow by all waters,
letting oxen and asses range free.

Blessed
אַשְׁרֵיכֶ֕ם (’aš·rê·ḵem)
Interjection | second person masculine plural
Strong's 835: Happiness, interjection, how happy!

[are] those who sow
זֹרְעֵ֖י (zō·rə·‘ê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2232: To sow, to disseminate, plant, fructify

beside
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

abundant
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

waters,
מָ֑יִם (mā·yim)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4325: Water, juice, urine, semen

who let the ox
הַשּׁ֖וֹר (haš·šō·wr)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7794: A head of cattle (bullock, ox, etcetera)

and donkey
וְהַחֲמֽוֹר׃ (wə·ha·ḥă·mō·wr)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2543: A male ass

range freely.
מְשַׁלְּחֵ֥י (mə·šal·lə·ḥê)
Verb - Piel - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

KJV Blessed are ye that sow beside all waters, that send forth thither the feet of the ox and the ass.

NIV how blessed you will be, sowing your seed by every stream, and letting your cattle and donkeys range free.

ESV Happy are you who sow beside all waters, who let the feet of the ox and the donkey range free.

BSB Blessed are those who sow beside abundant waters, who let the ox and donkey range freely.

NASB How blessed will you be, you who sow beside all waters, Who let the ox and the donkey out freely.

BST Blessed are they that sow by every water, where the ox and ass tread.

Alter Happy, you who sow near all waters, who let loose the ox and the donkey.

Chabad Fortunate are you who sow by all waters, those who send forth the feet of the ox and the donkey.

Isaiah 32:20 Hebrew Transliteration

Blessed [are] those who sow beside the abundant waters
Who let the ox and donkey range free

Parallel
A. Sow-let the ox
B. Aboundant waters - Donekey range free

The blessing is associated with an action "sow" and the let the ox. "Abudnant waters" and "donkey range free" an unlimited source of water and expansion for cattle.